Minnesota Deepfake Law — NCII and Elections (HF 1370, 2023)
Minnesota · 2023 Minn. Laws ch. 58 (HF 1370); Minn. Stat. §§ 617.261, 211B.16
Minnesota criminalized two kinds of AI deepfakes in 2023: nonconsensual intimate deepfakes of anyone, and election deepfakes of candidates distributed within 90 days of an election without consent. Victims of intimate deepfakes can also sue. X Corp. has challenged the election provision in court.
Technical detail
HF 1370 (2023), codified at Minn. Stat. § 617.261 (NCII deepfakes, criminal + private action) and § 211B.16 (election deepfakes, 90-day window); election provision subject to ongoing First Amendment litigation (X Corp. v. Ellison).
Who is protected: Minnesotans depicted in NCII deepfakes; candidates and voters
Who must comply: Anyone who knowingly creates or disseminates qualifying deepfakes
Key facts
| Jurisdiction | Minnesota |
|---|---|
| Level | State |
| Status | In effect |
| Protection strength | Limited protection |
| Effective date | 2023-08-01 |
| Enacted | 2023-05-01 |
| Citation | 2023 Minn. Laws ch. 58 (HF 1370); Minn. Stat. §§ 617.261, 211B.16 |
| Enforced by | County attorneys; private civil action (NCII); Secretary of State/AG (elections) |
| Private right of action | Yes — individuals can sue |
| Penalties | Criminal fines and imprisonment; civil damages and fees |
| Topics | non-consensual intimate imagery · deepfakes · AI-generated images · election deepfakes |
| Last verified | 2026-06-12 |
| Official source | Minnesota House — New Laws 2023 (HF 1370) ↗ |
More AI rules in Minnesota
- MN drone-warrant law (2020) · In effect
- Minnesota Consumer Data Privacy Act · In effect
- Minnesota SF 4097 (social-media algorithm disclosure) · In effect
- Minnesota HF 2432 (AI-generated CSAM) · In effect
- Public Artificial Intelligence Services Security Standard · In effect
Related non-consensual intimate imagery rules elsewhere
- Arizona HB 2133 deepfake sexual content — vetoed 2026 · Vetoed
- TAKE IT DOWN Act · In effect
- DEFIANCE Act (deepfake-porn civil suits) · Proposed / pending
- NY S5959-D (2020, digital replicas + deepfake porn) · In effect
- VA HB 2678 (2019, first deepfake-NCII criminal law) · In effect
- Missouri Deepfake & Digital Media Protection Act · Proposed / pending
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