Texas Responsible Artificial Intelligence Governance Act (TRAIGA, HB 149)
Texas · Tex. Bus. & Com. Code Ch. 552; Tex. HB 149 (89th Leg., R.S., 2025), TRAIGA
Texas's AI law bans specific harmful uses of AI — intentional discrimination, behavioral manipulation encouraging self-harm or crime, social scoring by government, and certain biometric identification without consent — and requires government agencies to disclose AI interactions to consumers. It includes a regulatory sandbox and preempts local AI ordinances.
Technical detail
HB 149 (89th Leg., signed June 22, 2025, effective Jan. 1, 2026) adopts an intent-based prohibition framework for AI developers/deployers in Texas, with AG-exclusive enforcement, a 60-day cure period, a DIR-run sandbox, and an AI advisory council.
Who is protected: Texas residents and consumers interacting with AI systems
Who must comply: Developers and deployers of AI systems operating in Texas; state agencies (disclosure duties)
Key facts
| Jurisdiction | Texas |
|---|---|
| Level | State |
| Status | In effect |
| Protection strength | Limited protection |
| Effective date | 2026-01-01 |
| Enacted | 2025-06-22 |
| Citation | Tex. Bus. & Com. Code Ch. 552; Tex. HB 149 (89th Leg., R.S., 2025), TRAIGA |
| Enforced by | Texas Attorney General (exclusive); state agencies may impose licensing sanctions |
| Private right of action | No — agency enforcement only |
| Penalties | Civil penalties roughly $10,000–$12,000 per curable violation up to $80,000–$200,000 per uncurable violation, plus up to $40,000/day for continuing violations |
| Topics | consumer protection · automated decision-making · biometric data · government use of AI · police and surveillance AI · AI disclosure and transparency |
| Last verified | 2026-08-11 |
| Official source | Texas Legislature Online: HB 149 (89R) ↗ |
More AI rules in Texas
- TX TDI Bulletin B-0003-26 (AI in insurance) · In effect
- Texas Gov. Abbott data center grid-connection audit freeze · In effect
- Texas SB 6 (Data Center Grid Law) · In effect
- TX SB 2205 (2017 AV statute) · In effect
- TX HB 912 (2013 drone privacy) · In effect
- TX HB 2700 — AI/Altered CSAM · In effect
Related consumer protection rules elsewhere
- Missouri AI Therapy Chatbot Ban (SB 1019) · Enacted (not yet in effect)
- Vermont Data Broker Law (H.211) · Enacted (not yet in effect)
- Arkansas Frank Broyles Act AI amendment — voice and likeness protection (2025) · In effect
- PA v. Character.AI (Fake Psychiatrist Chatbot) · Blocked / in litigation
- NAACP v. xAI (Colossus 2 Air Pollution) · Blocked / in litigation
- RI Therapy Chatbot Ban (2026) · In effect
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