TRAIGA
Texas Responsible Artificial Intelligence Governance Act (TRAIGA, HB 149)
Texas · Tex. Bus. & Com. Code Ch. 552; Tex. HB 149 (89th Leg., R.S., 2025), TRAIGA
- Status
- In effect
- Took effect
- January 1, 2026
- Applies to
- Developers and deployers of AI systems operating in Texas; state agencies (disclosure duties)
- Enforced by
- Texas Attorney General (exclusive); state agencies may impose licensing sanctions
Texas's AI law bans specific harmful uses of AI — intentional discrimination, behavioral manipulation encouraging self-harm or crime, social scoring by government, and certain biometric identification without consent — and requires government agencies to disclose AI interactions to consumers. It includes a regulatory sandbox and preempts local AI ordinances.
Who is protected: Texas residents and consumers interacting with AI systems
Legal detail
HB 149 (89th Leg., signed June 22, 2025, effective Jan. 1, 2026) adopts an intent-based prohibition framework for AI developers/deployers in Texas, with AG-exclusive enforcement, a 60-day cure period, a DIR-run sandbox, and an AI advisory council.
Key facts
| Jurisdiction | Texas |
|---|---|
| Level | State |
| Strength | Limited |
| Enacted | June 22, 2025 |
| Citation | Tex. Bus. & Com. Code Ch. 552; Tex. HB 149 (89th Leg., R.S., 2025), TRAIGA |
| Private right of action | No, agency enforcement only |
| Penalties | Civil penalties roughly $10,000–$12,000 per curable violation up to $80,000–$200,000 per uncurable violation, plus up to $40,000/day for continuing violations |
| Topics | consumer protection · automated decision-making · biometric data · government use of AI · police and surveillance AI · AI disclosure and transparency |
| Bill text | Texas Legislature Online: HB 149 (89R) |
More AI rules in Texas
- TX TDI Bulletin B-0003-26 (AI in insurance) · In effect
- Texas Gov. Abbott data center grid-connection audit freeze · In effect
- Texas HB 3512 government AI training mandate (2025) · In effect
- Texas TWDB data center water reporting penalties (2026) · In effect
- Texas Abbott halt on state funding for Flock cameras (2026) · In effect
- Texas AG data center water-reporting investigation (2026) · In effect
Related consumer protection rules elsewhere
- Missouri AI Therapy Chatbot Ban (SB 1019) · In effect
- Vermont Data Broker Law (H.211) · Enacted (not yet in effect)
- Arkansas Frank Broyles Act AI amendment — voice and likeness protection (2025) · In effect
- PA v. Character.AI (Fake Psychiatrist Chatbot) · Blocked / in litigation
- NAACP v. xAI (Colossus 2 Air Pollution) · Blocked / in litigation
- RI Therapy Chatbot Ban (2026) · In effect
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