Home › Topics › non-consensual intimate imagery
U.S. AI Laws: non-consensual intimate imagery
As of 2026-08-12, AI Laws USA tracks 62 U.S. AI rules on non-consensual intimate imagery across federal, state, county, and city government. Each entry links to its official source.
Federal non-consensual intimate imagery rules (2)
-
In effect
TAKE IT DOWN Act
United States · Effective 2025-05-19 · Pub. L. No. 119-12 (S. 146)
Makes it a federal crime to knowingly publish intimate images of someone without consent, including AI-generated deepfakes. Social media and similar platforms must give victims a way to request removal and must take the content (and known copies) down within 48 hours. The platform removal requirement became enforceable May 19, 2026, and the FTC has already begun enforcement.
-
Proposed / pending
DEFIANCE Act (deepfake-porn civil suits)
United States · S. 1837, 119th Cong. (DEFIANCE Act)
This bill would let victims of sexually explicit AI deepfakes sue the people who create or share them, with damages starting around $150,000. The Senate passed it unanimously on January 13, 2026 — the second time it has done so — but as of June 2026 it is still awaiting action in the House and is not yet law.
State non-consensual intimate imagery rules (60)
-
In effect
PR Ley 163-2026 / P. del S. 441 (Image Rights)
Puerto Rico · Effective 2026-08-03 · Ley 163-2026 (P. del S. 441, 19th Leg. Assembly); signed August 3, 2026
Puerto Rico Law 163-2026 (P. del S. 441) expands the island's right-of-image statute (Law 139-2011) to expressly cover AI-generated deepfakes and voice clones. Creates civil causes of action when someone's appearance, voice, gestures, movements, or other identifiable attributes are synthetically generated, cloned, simulated, or altered without consent. Signed by Governor Jenniffer González Colón on August 3, 2026.
-
In effect
NY S5959-D (2020, digital replicas + deepfake porn)
NY · Effective 2021-05-29 · Ch. 304 of 2020 (S5959-D); N.Y. Civ. Rights Law §§ 50-f, 52-c
Signed by Governor Cuomo on November 30, 2020, NY S5959-D was the first state law to (1) extend right of publicity to digital replicas of deceased personalities for 40 years, and (2) create a private right of action against unlawful publication of sexually explicit deepfakes. Landmark precedent — direct ancestor of CA AB 1836 (2024) and NY's 2023-2025 digital-replica laws.
-
In effect
VA HB 2678 (2019, first deepfake-NCII criminal law)
VA · Effective 2019-07-01 · Va. Code § 18.2-386.2 (as amended by HB 2678, 2019 Reg. Sess.)
Virginia HB 2678 (2019) was the first U.S. state law to criminalize AI-generated nonconsensual intimate imagery (deepfake porn). It amended Va. Code § 18.2-386.2 (revenge-porn statute) to cover 'falsely created videographic or still image' depictions. Class 1 misdemeanor. Still in effect 2026 and remains the foundational state deepfake-NCII statute.
-
Enacted (not yet in effect)
Utah HB 276 Voyeurism Act (AI counterfeit intimate images / NCII)
Utah · Effective 2027-01-01 · Utah Code 13-72b-101 to -401 (H.B. 276, 2026)
This part of Utah's AI Modifications law targets AI-generated counterfeit intimate images. An online 'generation service' that lets users create images and then distributes a counterfeit intimate image of an identifiable person without consent violates that person's privacy. Generation services must warn users and get a safe harbor with a written policy and safeguards. Platforms that host content may not knowingly allow distribution of nonconsensual counterfeit intimate images and must run notice-and-takedown procedures aligned with the federal Take It Down Act (48-hour removal). Victims can sue for injunctions, actual and punitive damages, and attorney fees.
-
In effect
KS Synthetic CSAM Law
Kansas · Effective 2026-07-01 · KS HB 2183, 2025-26 Reg. Sess., approved by Governor Feb. 5, 2026, eff. July 1, 2026
Kansas updated its child sexual exploitation and privacy statutes to prohibit creation and distribution of visual depictions where the person depicted is indistinguishable from a real child, including AI-generated and morphed imagery. The law also addresses unlawful transmission of such visual depictions and breach of privacy. Signed by the governor February 5, 2026; took effect July 1, 2026 as part of the 124-law Kansas effective date batch.
-
In effect
Kansas HB 2479 (AI images in blackmail law)
Kansas · Effective 2026-04-09 · 2026 Kan. HB 2479, amending K.S.A. 21-5428 (blackmail)
Kansas's blackmail law now expressly covers threats to release a nude or sexual image, video, or recording of an identifiable person even when that depiction was made or altered by artificial intelligence. It applies whether or not the person was involved in producing any original image, so threatening someone with an AI-generated 'deepfake' of them can be prosecuted as blackmail. Existing criminal penalties for blackmail apply.
-
In effect
Kansas HB 2537 'Caleb's Law' (AI sextortion)
Kansas · Effective 2026-04-06 · 2026 Kan. HB 2537 ('Caleb's Law'), amending K.S.A. 21-5515 (sexual extortion)
Kansas's sexual-extortion statute now defines the covered 'image, video, or other recording' to include any depiction created, altered, or modified by artificial intelligence to appear to show a person, whether or not that person was part of any original recording. This means demands or threats backed by AI-fabricated sexual imagery fall within the crime of sexual extortion. The same act, known as 'Caleb's Law,' also raises penalties when an adult offender targets a victim under 18 or a dependent adult and creates aggravated sexual-extortion offenses.
-
In effect
OK AI Revenge Porn Law
Oklahoma · Effective 2025-11-01 · Okla. HB 1364, 60th Leg., 1st Sess. (2025), eff. Nov. 1, 2025
Oklahoma makes it a crime to knowingly or recklessly share AI-generated sexually explicit images of another person without their consent and with intent to cause harm. Violations can be charged as a misdemeanor or felony depending on circumstances. Exceptions exist for journalism, law enforcement, and platform liability is limited.
-
In effect
NV NCII Deepfake Law
Nevada · Effective 2025-10-01 · 2025 Nev. Stat. (SB 213); NRS 200.780
Nevada expanded its intimate-images law to explicitly cover AI-generated and digitally manipulated images — anything that could reasonably be mistaken for a real depiction of the person, whether or not their actual image was used. Knowing distribution is a Category D felony (1–4 years).
-
In effect
Montana HB 514 (sextortion deepfakes in privacy crime)
Montana · Effective 2025-10-01 · Mont. HB 514 (2025) (Ch. 686); MCA 45-8-213
Montana expanded its existing 'privacy in communications' crime to cover real or AI-fabricated sexual images. It is now an offense to publish or distribute such images of an identifiable person without consent to harass or harm them or to obtain money, and separately to possess such images and threaten to release them to extort money or other valuables.
-
In effect
Ohio AI Fabricated Sexual Images Law
Ohio · Effective 2025-09-30 · ORC § 2917.211 (amended by 2025 Ohio HB 96); ORC § 2307.66
Ohio amended its nonconsensual-image law in September 2025 to expressly cover AI-generated and digitally fabricated sexual images — prohibiting both distributing AND creating them without the depicted person's consent. First offenses are fourth-degree felonies, escalating for repeat offenders. Victims may sue for compensatory and punitive damages plus attorney's fees.
-
In effect
AZ Synthetic Intimate Images Law (SB1462)
Arizona · Effective 2025-09-26 · Ariz. Rev. Stat. Sec. 13-1425 (as amended by SB1462, ch. 106, 2025)
Arizona amended its law against the unlawful disclosure of intimate images so that it covers realistic, computer-generated or AI-altered depictions, not just real photographs or recordings. The definition of a covered image now includes a realistic pictorial representation that is made or modified to appear to be an actual identifiable person in a state of nudity or sexual activity that never actually occurred. For computer-generated depictions, the depicted person does not need to have had a reasonable expectation of privacy for the disclosure to be unlawful.
-
In effect
ME AI Private Images Law
Maine · Effective 2025-09-24 · Me. LD 1944 / HP 1303 (132nd Leg., 1st Spec. Sess.); P.L. 2025, ch. 400; 17-A M.R.S. § 511-A
Maine expanded its unauthorized-private-images ("revenge porn") crime to explicitly cover artificially generated/AI-made intimate images of real people, and lets people seek protection-from-abuse or harassment orders when someone threatens to release such images. Unauthorized dissemination is a Class D crime (up to one year, $2,000).
-
In effect
Texas SB 441 (deepfake NCII crime + website/AI-app/payment-processor liability)
Texas · Effective 2025-09-01 · Tex. S.B. 441, 89th Leg., R.S. (2025); amending Tex. Penal Code 21.165 and Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code ch. 98B (adding 98B.0021, 98B.0022, 98B.008, 98B.009); eff. Sept. 1, 2025
This Texas law makes it a crime to knowingly create or share, without consent, AI-generated or otherwise manipulated deepfake images that falsely depict a real person with computer-generated intimate parts or engaged in sexual conduct they never performed, and bans threatening to do so. It also lets victims sue the people who made or spread such artificial intimate visual material, and extends that liability to owners of websites, social platforms, AI 'nudification' apps, or payment systems that knowingly or recklessly facilitate the content. Covered websites and apps must offer an easy removal-request tool and can be liable if they fail to take material down within 72 hours of a depicted person's request. Victims may sue using a confidential identity and have up to 10 years to file.
-
In effect
Michigan Intimate Deep Fakes Act
Michigan · Effective 2025-08-26 · 2025 Mich. Pub. Acts 10–11 (HB 4047–4048)
Michigan makes it a crime to create or distribute AI-generated sexually explicit images of a real, identifiable person without their consent. First offenses carry up to one year in jail and a $3,000 fine; aggravated violations (posting online, extortion, prior conviction) escalate to a felony with up to three years. Victims may also sue for damages, injunctions, and up to $1,000/day for violating a restraining order.
-
In effect
CO Intimate Digital Depictions Act (SB25-288)
Colorado · Effective 2025-08-06 · Colo. SB 25-288 (2025); see also Colo. Rev. Stat. Secs. 18-6-403, 13-21-1401 et seq.
Colorado expanded its sexual exploitation of a child statute so that realistic computer-generated or digitally created depictions of an identifiable child count as child sexually exploitative material, even when no real child was photographed. The same act creates a civil cause of action allowing a person to sue someone who discloses, or threatens to disclose, a nonconsensual intimate digital depiction (including AI-generated or edited imagery). Courts can grant restraining orders and injunctive relief, and prevailing plaintiffs can recover substantial damages.
-
In effect
ND Sexually Explicit Deepfake Law
North Dakota · Effective 2025-08-01 · 2025 ND HB 1351; NDCC §§ 12.1-27.1-01(13), -03.3
North Dakota makes it a Class A misdemeanor to create, possess, or distribute nonconsensual sexually explicit deepfakes — including computer-generated intimate imagery. Victims can sue for up to $10,000 in statutory damages plus any profits the offender made.
-
In effect
RI Synthetic Intimate Imagery Law
Rhode Island · Effective 2025-07-02 · 2025 RI H5046 / S0136
Rhode Island updated its unauthorized-image ("revenge porn") statute to explicitly criminalize sexually explicit images that were created by a digital device or AI — i.e., synthetic nudes and explicit deepfakes of real people — making nonconsensual creation and distribution a crime. Signed into law July 2, 2025.
-
In effect
MD NCII Deepfake Law
Maryland · Effective 2025-07-01 · 2025 Md. Laws Ch. 219 (SB 360); Md. Code Ann., Crim. Law § 3-809
Maryland expanded its revenge-porn statute to explicitly cover AI-generated deepfake intimate images — computer-generated likenesses indistinguishable from real persons. Victims get criminal remedies (up to 2 years, $5,000) and a new civil cause of action. Passed 47-0 and 140-0.
-
In effect
NE Synthetic NCII Civil Remedy
Nebraska · Effective 2025-05-30 · Neb. LB 371, 109th Leg., 1st Sess. (2025), approved May 30, 2025
Nebraska extended its existing civil remedies act for unauthorized disclosure of intimate images to explicitly cover computer-generated or digitally manipulated depictions, including AI deepfakes. Victims can sue civilly when AI-fabricated intimate imagery is shared without consent. The bill passed 49-0.
-
In effect
SC AI CSAM / Deepfake Laws
South Carolina · Effective 2025-05-27 · SC S.28, Act No. 57; SC S.29, Act No. 58 (2025), 126th Gen. Assembly, enacted May 27, 2025
South Carolina enacted two companion laws in May 2025 to criminalize AI-generated child sexual abuse material. Act 57 (S.28) closes loopholes excluding AI-generated CSAM from existing child exploitation statutes. Act 58 (S.29) creates a new felony offense for 'obscene visual representation of a minor,' covering wholly computer-generated sexual depictions where no real child exists.
-
In effect
Montana SB 413 (crime to share explicit deepfakes)
Montana · Effective 2025-05-12 · Mont. SB 413 (2025), Ch. 606; MCA Title 45, ch. 5, part 6
Montana created a new crime for sharing sexually explicit deepfakes (AI-generated or altered images and video) of a real, identifiable person. It is illegal to knowingly disclose such media when you know the person did not consent and that the disclosure would cause them serious emotional distress, to disclose it intending to harass or harm the person, or to possess it and threaten to release it to extort money or other things of value.
-
In effect
Arkansas Deepfake Sexual Content Act
Arkansas · Effective 2025-04-17 · 2025 Ark. Acts 827 (HB 1529)
Arkansas criminalizes creating or distributing deepfake sexual imagery — AI-generated or digitally manipulated images that appear authentic and depict an identifiable person in nudity or sexual conduct without consent. First offense is a Class A misdemeanor, repeats are felonies; victims can sue for punitive damages, and the Attorney General can sue platforms that lack reasonable safeguards against generating this content.
-
In effect
NJ Deceptive AI Deepfakes Act
New Jersey · Effective 2025-04-02 · P.L.2025, c.40 (N.J. A3540/S2544)
New Jersey's omnibus deepfake law establishes criminal and civil penalties for producing or distributing deceptive AI audio/video used to facilitate crimes — including sexual exploitation of minors, harassment, extortion, and election interference. Violations are a third-degree crime carrying up to five years and fines up to $30,000, and victims can sue.
-
In effect
NH Deepfake Law (HB 1432)
New Hampshire · Effective 2025-01-01 · 2024 NH Laws ch. 243; RSA 638:26-a; RSA 507:8-n
New Hampshire makes it a Class B felony to knowingly create, distribute, or present a deepfake with intent to embarrass, harass, defame, extort, or cause financial or reputational harm — and it was the first state law to create a private right of action specifically for deepfake victims. Satire, parody, and news reporting are exempt.
-
In effect
California SB 981 (platforms must let users report & remove deepfake nudes)
California · Effective 2025-01-01 · Cal. Bus. & Prof. Code Ch. 22.7 (SB 981, Stats. 2024)
Social media platforms must give California users a clear way to report sexually explicit images or videos of themselves that were created or altered through digitization without their consent. Once reported, the platform must temporarily block the material while it investigates, and remove it if it finds a reasonable basis to believe it is this kind of nonconsensual digital fake. The framing covers synthetic and AI-altered intimate imagery, not just real photos.
-
In effect
California SB 926 (crime to create & share realistic fake nudes of real people)
California · Effective 2025-01-01 · Cal. Penal Code 647 (SB 926, Stats. 2024)
California extends its criminal ban on distributing private intimate images to cover digitally fabricated ones. It is now a crime for an adult to intentionally create and distribute a sexually explicit image of an identifiable person made to look authentic, when the distributor knows or should know it will cause that person serious emotional distress and the person in fact suffers that distress. This closes a gap that left realistic AI-generated fakes outside the existing intimate-image law.
-
In effect
PA Deepfake/CSAM Law (Act 125)
Pennsylvania · Effective 2024-12-28 · 2024 Pa. Laws Act 125 (SB 1213); 18 Pa. C.S. §§ 3131, 6312
Pennsylvania criminalized creating and distributing sexual deepfakes of any person, and classified AI-generated sexual depictions of minors as child sexual abuse material. The Attorney General has already charged people under this law.
-
In effect
NC HB 591 (AI CSAM, deepfake intimate images & sextortion)
North Carolina · Effective 2024-12-01 · N.C. Sess. Law 2024-37 (H.B. 591); N.C. Gen. Stat. 14-190.13, 14-202.7, 14-190.5A
North Carolina updated its sex-crime laws so that sexually exploitative images of children count even when they are digital or computer-generated, including depictions built, altered, or modified with technology such as algorithms or artificial intelligence. The law also makes it a crime to use someone's private sexual image, including an AI-generated one, as leverage: threatening to release such an image, or refusing to delete one already released, in order to pressure a person is treated as sexual extortion. It likewise extends the ban on sharing intimate images without consent to AI-generated intimate images.
-
In effect
Delaware Deepfake Intimate-Images Act
Delaware · Effective 2024-10-09 · Del. H.B. 353, 152nd Gen. Assemb. (2024) (amending 10 & 11 Del. C.)
This law extends Delaware's protections against the non-consensual sharing of intimate images to cover deepfakes — digitally created or altered images that falsely depict an identifiable real person nude or engaged in sexual conduct. Victims can pursue the same civil remedies available for the unauthorized disclosure of real intimate images, and offenders can face criminal charges under the state's privacy-violation laws. When an adult creates a sexual or nude depiction of a minor, the conduct is treated as a felony rather than a misdemeanor. The measure is also known as the Amelia Kramer Act.
-
In effect
Alabama Synthetic Private Images Law
Alabama · Effective 2024-10-01 · 2024 Ala. Acts (HB 161), amending Ala. Code § 13A-6-240
Alabama prohibits the nonconsensual creation or distribution of 'private images,' expressly including AI-altered or synthetically generated depictions of people in nudity or sexual conduct. Both distribution and creation are criminalized.
-
In effect
MA Digitized Intimate-Images Law (deepfake NCII)
Massachusetts · Effective 2024-09-18 · Acts of 2024, ch. 118 (H.4744), amending G.L. c. 265, Sec. 43A
Massachusetts's 'An Act to Prevent Abuse and Exploitation' created a criminal offense for distributing nonconsensual intimate images and expressly extended it to 'visual material produced by digitization.' Digitization is defined to include creating or altering visual material — such as through computer-generated images — in a way that would falsely appear to a reasonable person to be an authentic depiction of the person shown. This brings AI-generated and digitally fabricated intimate images within the same prohibition that applies to real photos and videos.
-
In effect
Louisiana AI Intimate-Image Law (R.S. 14:73.14)
Louisiana · Effective 2024-08-01 · La. R.S. 14:73.14 (2024 Reg. Sess. S.B. 6)
Louisiana makes it a crime to distribute or sell AI-generated images or video that show a recognizable real person nude or in a state of undress, when the person doing so acts with intent to coerce, harass, intimidate, or otherwise maliciously and knows or should know they are not authorized to share or sell the material. Online services, email providers, and telecommunications carriers are generally not liable for content their users post. This is a separate offense from Louisiana's broader 'unlawful deepfakes' statute.
-
In effect
Iowa Synthetic Intimate Content Law
Iowa · Effective 2024-07-01 · Iowa HF 2240 (2024)
Iowa criminalizes generating or distributing synthetic images or videos depicting a person in sexual acts or nudity without consent. Violations involving adults are aggravated misdemeanors; involving minors, felonies. Expressly motivated by AI-generated pornographic deepfakes.
-
In effect
WY NCII Deepfake Law
Wyoming · Effective 2024-07-01 · Wyo. Stat. § 6-4-306 (2024 ed.), amended by HB0078, 2024 Wyo. Gen. Sess., eff. July 1, 2024
Wyoming's intimate image statute was amended in 2024 to explicitly include computer-generated images that purport to represent an identifiable person, covering AI deepfakes. Nonconsensual dissemination is a misdemeanor punishable by up to one year in jail and a $5,000 fine.
-
In effect
Vermont NCII Deepfake Law
Vermont · Effective 2024-07-01 · 2024 VT Acts No. 161; 13 V.S.A. § 2606
Vermont amended its revenge-porn statute to explicitly criminalize nonconsensual disclosure of AI-generated and digitally manipulated sexually explicit images, expanding 'visual image' to include images created or altered by digitization.
-
In effect
IN NCII Deepfake Law
Indiana · Effective 2024-07-01 · 2024 Ind. Acts (HEA 1047); I.C. 35-45-4-8
Indiana criminalized creating and sharing AI-generated or digitally modified intimate images without consent, expanding its revenge-porn statute. Distribution is a Class A misdemeanor; repeat or aggravated conduct is a Level 6 felony (up to 30 months, $5,000).
-
In effect
Washington HB 1999 (criminalizes AI/fabricated CSAM and nonconsensual fake intimate images)
Washington · Effective 2024-06-06 · Substitute H.B. 1999, Ch. 88, Laws of 2024 (Wash.)
Washington expanded its child sexual abuse material laws to cover fabricated depictions of an identifiable minor, including AI-created images, and created a separate crime for knowingly disclosing a fabricated intimate image of another person when the discloser knows or should know the person did not consent and that disclosure would cause harm. A first disclosure offense is a gross misdemeanor and repeats are a class C felony. Victims may also sue for damages.
-
In effect
Utah H.B. 148 (computer-generated CSAM & intimate images count as illegal)
Utah · Effective 2024-05-01 · Utah Laws 2024, H.B. 148; Utah Code 76-5b-103, 76-5b-203, 76-5b-205
Utah updated its Sexual Exploitation Act so that sexual-abuse and intimate-image offenses clearly cover synthetic or computer-generated imagery, not just camera-captured photos and video. The definitions of child sexual abuse material, 'intimate image,' and 'counterfeit intimate image' were each broadened to include computer or computer-generated images, pictures, and videos. As a result, AI-generated or otherwise fabricated explicit depictions can be prosecuted the same way as real images.
-
In effect
ID Synthetic NCII Law
Idaho · Effective 2024-03-19 · Idaho HB 575, 67th Leg., 2nd Reg. Sess. (2024), signed Mar. 19, 2024
Idaho makes it a crime to knowingly disclose explicit synthetic media — AI-generated or digitally manipulated intimate imagery — of an identifiable person when the person did not consent and disclosure is likely to cause substantial emotional distress. This was Idaho's first law specifically targeting AI-generated revenge porn.
-
In effect
SD AI CSAM Law
South Dakota · Effective 2024-02-13 · 2024 SD SB 79
South Dakota expanded its child pornography statutes to explicitly cover AI-generated and deepfake sexual imagery involving minors — including fully synthetic images where no real child was used.
-
In effect
New York S1042A (bans sharing deepfake intimate images)
New York · Effective 2023-11-28 · N.Y. Penal Law 245.15; L. 2023, ch. 513 (S1042A)
New York made it a crime to share or post fake nude or sexual images of a person without their consent, even when the image was generated or altered by computer (a deepfake), as long as the person shown can be reasonably identified. This brought AI-made intimate images under the state's existing revenge-porn crime.
-
In effect
TX SB 1361 — Deepfake Intimate Video
Texas · Effective 2023-09-01 · Tex. Penal Code Sec. 21.165 (SB 1361, 88th Leg., R.S. (2023))
This law makes it a crime in Texas to create or share a deepfake video that falsely shows a real person with their intimate parts exposed or engaged in sexual conduct, when that person did not consent. It targets AI-generated or digitally fabricated sexual videos of identifiable people. A violation is a Class A misdemeanor.
-
In effect
MN Deepfake Law
Minnesota · Effective 2023-08-01 · 2023 Minn. Laws ch. 58 (HF 1370); Minn. Stat. §§ 617.261, 211B.16
Minnesota criminalized two kinds of AI deepfakes in 2023: nonconsensual intimate deepfakes of anyone, and election deepfakes of candidates distributed within 90 days of an election without consent. Victims of intimate deepfakes can also sue. X Corp. has challenged the election provision in court.
-
In effect
LA Unlawful Deepfakes Law
Louisiana · Effective 2023-08-01 · 2023 La. Acts No. 175; La. R.S. 14:73.13
Louisiana's deepfake law carries some of the harshest penalties in the nation: creating or possessing sexual deepfakes of minors brings 5–20 years at hard labor; distributing them brings 10–30 years and up to $50,000. It also criminalizes nonconsensual sexual deepfakes of adults. Prosecutors have already charged people under it.
-
In effect
GA Synthetic NCII Transmission Law
Georgia · Effective 2022-05-02 · O.C.G.A. Sec. 16-11-90
Georgia makes it a crime to electronically send or post a nude or sexually explicit image of an identifiable adult without that person's consent when the purpose is to harass or cause financial harm. The statute expressly reaches a 'falsely created' video or still image, meaning synthetic or deepfake depictions are treated the same as real photographs. Posting such material to certain explicit websites is punished more harshly than other electronic transmission.
-
In effect
Wyo. Stat. 6-4-306 (revenge-porn law covers computer-generated images)
Wyoming · Effective 2021-07-01 · Wyo. Stat. Ann. 6-4-306(a)(iii); 2021 Wyo. Sess. Laws (HB0085)
This 2021 Wyoming law makes it a crime for an adult to share someone's intimate image without consent when the person had a reasonable expectation it would stay private. The definition of a covered 'image' expressly includes a 'computer generated image' that purports to represent an identifiable person, so fabricated or digitally generated intimate depictions fall within its scope. The offense is a misdemeanor.
-
In effect
HI SB 309 (deepfake intimate-image crime)
Hawaii · Effective 2021-06-23 · Haw. SB 309 (2021), Act 59; HRS Sec. 711-1110.9
Hawaii expanded its first-degree violation-of-privacy crime to cover deepfake-style imagery. It is now an offense to intentionally create or disclose a nude or sexually explicit image or video of a 'composite fictitious person' that includes the recognizable features of a real, identifiable individual so that it appears to show that real person, when done with intent to substantially harm them or as revenge. The crime is a class C felony.
-
In effect
AB 602 (Deepfake Intimate Images)
California · Effective 2020-01-01 · Cal. Civ. Code § 1708.86 (AB 602, 2019); Cal. Penal Code § 647(j)(4)
Californians depicted in sexually explicit deepfakes made or shared without their consent can sue the people responsible for damages, including statutory damages and attorney's fees. Criminal liability also exists under separate provisions (SB 926, 2024).
-
In effect
Virginia HB 2678 (deepfake nude/explicit images become a crime)
Virginia · Effective 2019-07-01 · Va. Code 18.2-386.2; HB 2678 (2019), Va. Acts cc. 490, 515
Virginia made it a crime to share or sell a fabricated nude or sexually explicit image of a real, identifiable person without their consent. The 2019 amendment covered 'deepfakes' and other doctored media: it no longer matters that the explicit image was synthesized or altered, only that it depicts an actual person who is recognizable. Doing so with intent to coerce, harass, or intimidate is a Class 1 misdemeanor.
-
Vetoed
Arizona HB 2133 deepfake sexual content — vetoed 2026
Arizona · Ariz. H.B. 2133, 57th Leg., 2d Reg. Sess. (2026) — vetoed June 19, 2026
Arizona HB 2133 would have amended the state's existing unlawful-image-disclosure statute to include 'synthetic depictions' — AI-generated images of nudity or sexual activity — and would have required websites hosting sexual material to verify that each depicted person consented and was of legal age. The Senate approved a reconciled conference bill 16-12 on June 9, 2026 and the House passed 35-20. Gov. Hobbs vetoed it on June 19, writing that the bill had 'a chilling effect on free speech' and would violate First Amendment rights to engage in satirical discourse about elected officials, and that existing Arizona law and the federal TAKE IT DOWN Act already address AI-generated revenge porn.
-
In effect
WV Fabricated Intimate Images Law
West Virginia · WV Code § 61-8-28a; WV Code § 55-20
West Virginia's intimate-images law explicitly covers AI-generated 'fabricated intimate images' — images created with AI or computer technology depicting someone's intimate parts. Disclosure or threats to disclose with intent to harass or coerce is a misdemeanor (first offense) and felony for repeats, with civil remedies under a separate uniform act.
-
Proposed / pending
Missouri Deepfake & Digital Media Protection Act
Missouri · HB 1887, 103rd General Assembly, 2nd Regular Session (2026)
Would make it a felony to share or threaten to share AI-generated or digitally altered intimate depictions of a person without consent, with up to four years imprisonment for a first offense and up to ten years if the depicted person is a minor. Online platforms would be required to establish takedown mechanisms for nonconsensual intimate deepfakes by end of 2026. Social media age-verification and parental-consent requirements for minors under 16 are also included.
-
Proposed / pending
New York Deepfake Harassment and NCII Civil Action Act
New York · S 6278, New York Legislature, 2025-2026 Session
Would create the new crime of aggravated harassment by electronic or digital communication when a person disseminates a deepfake—a digitally altered image incorporating someone's face or body onto pornographic or lewd content—without consent. Would also establish a private right of action for victims to sue for damages. Assembly companion bill is A 6293.
-
Proposed / pending
New York Deepfake Harassment and NCII Civil Action Act (Assembly)
New York · A 6293, New York Legislature, 2025-2026 Session
Assembly companion to S 6278. Would create the new crime of aggravated harassment via deepfake dissemination and establish a private right of action for victims. Addresses digitally altered images incorporating a person's face or identifiable body part onto pornographic, lewd, or violently graphic content distributed without consent.
-
Proposed / pending
North Carolina AI Regulatory Reform Act (Deepfake/NCII Provisions)
North Carolina · H 934, North Carolina General Assembly, 2025-2026 Regular Session
Would criminalize the creation or distribution of deepfakes—digitally altered or AI-generated images, audio, or video falsely depicting a real person—when done with intent to harass, extort, threaten, or cause harm. A first offense would be a Class 1 misdemeanor. Victims could seek civil damages up to $10,000 per incident. The bill also provides liability shields for AI developers when their products are misused by professionals.
-
Proposed / pending
Guam Bill 171-38 (NCII / Deepfakes)
Guam · Bill 171-38 (COR), 38th Guam Leg.
Bill criminalizing creating, possessing, disclosing, or threatening to disclose nonconsensual intimate depictions — including AI-generated deepfakes. Third-degree felony baseline; escalates if the subject is a minor, for financial gain/extortion, or against 5+ victims. Public hearing October 15, 2025.
-
Proposed / pending
PR P. del S. 760 (AI Deepfake NCII)
Puerto Rico · P. del S. 760 (19th Leg. Assembly)
Puerto Rico Senate bill amending the island's anti-revenge-pornography law (Law 21 of 2021) to make AI-generated nonconsensual intimate imagery (deepfake NCII) a crime. Unauthorized disclosure is a serious felony carrying a fixed 3-year prison sentence (up to 8 years with aggravating circumstances); threats to disclose are a lesser offense. Senate-approved; pending House Judiciary Commission hearing as of mid-2026.
-
Expired
Missouri Taylor Swift Act (SB 1117)
Missouri · SB 1117, 103rd General Assembly, 2nd Regular Session (2026)
Would establish civil and criminal liability for creating or sharing nonconsensual intimate digital depictions, including AI-generated deepfakes. Known informally as the 'Taylor Swift Act' following the 2024 viral spread of AI-generated intimate images of the artist. Felony charges apply for first offenses, with enhanced penalties when the depicted person is a minor.
-
Expired
Alaska AI-CSAM and Deepfake Criminalization Act
Alaska · HB 47, 34th Alaska Legislature (2025-2026)
Would create new Class B felony offenses for distributing AI-generated child sexual abuse material, upgradeable to Class A felony for repeat offenders, and a Class C felony for possession, while removing the statute of limitations for CSAM distribution charges. Would levy civil penalties of up to $1 million per instance against AI organizations that enable users to create AI-generated CSAM. Also establishes a Class A misdemeanor for harassing or threatening someone using a digitally forged likeness.