CA AB 2655 (struck down)
California AB 2655 — Defending Democracy from Deepfake Deception Act (STRUCK DOWN — permanently enjoined Aug. 2025; State appeal filed)
CA · Cal. AB 2655 (Ch. 261, Stats. 2024), Cal. Elec. Code §§ 20510–20520; Kohls v. Bonta, No. 2:24-cv-02527 (E.D. Cal. Aug. 20, 2025) (final judgment and permanent injunction; appeal noticed Sept. 19, 2025)
- Status
- Blocked / in litigation
- Took effect
- January 1, 2025
- Applies to
- Large online platforms (permanently enjoined / State stipulated non-enforcement)
- Enforced by
- Would have been: California Attorney General, district attorneys, city attorneys; candidates/officials had injunctive standing
California AB 2655 would have required large online platforms (1 million+ California users) to block or label materially deceptive AI-generated election content during set windows around California elections. It is NOT enforceable: on August 20, 2025 a federal court in Kohls v. Bonta (E.D. Cal.) entered final judgment and a permanent injunction holding the law violates and is preempted by Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act, and the State agreed not to enforce AB 2655 against any online service provider. California filed a notice of appeal on September 19, 2025.
Who is protected: California voters, candidates and election officials (law not enforceable while the judgment stands)
Legal detail
AB 2655 (Ch. 261, Stats. 2024; signed Sept. 17, 2024; non-urgency, so operative Jan. 1, 2025) added Cal. Elec. Code §§ 20510–20520: a 'large online platform' (>= 1,000,000 California users in the preceding 12 months) had to block materially deceptive content depicting candidates, elected officials or elections officials from 120 days before an election through Election Day (60 days after for elections-official content) and label such content from six months before through Election Day, plus provide a California-resident reporting mechanism; the AG, district attorneys, city attorneys, candidates and officials could seek injunctive or other equitable relief on clear and convincing evidence (no damages). LITIGATION: Kohls v. Bonta, No. 2:24-cv-02527-JAM-CKD (E.D. Cal., consolidated with X Corp. and Rumble suits). Judge Mendez ruled from the bench Aug. 5, 2025, granting plaintiffs summary judgment because AB 2655 'violates and is preempted by' 47 U.S.C. § 230; ECF 98 (Aug. 20, 2025) entered the Order and Final Judgment and Permanent Injunction as to AB 2655 in favor of X Corp. and Rumble. ECF 100 (stipulation, Aug. 2025): Defendants shall not enforce AB 2655 in its entirety against any provider of an interactive computer service (47 U.S.C. § 230(f)(2)); First Amendment claims not reached. ECF 106 (Sept. 19, 2025): notice of appeal by Bonta and Weber as to ECF 98. The companion AB 2839 was separately struck (ECF 101, Aug. 29, 2025).
Key facts
| Jurisdiction | CA |
|---|---|
| Level | State |
| Enacted | September 17, 2024 |
| Citation | Cal. AB 2655 (Ch. 261, Stats. 2024), Cal. Elec. Code §§ 20510–20520; Kohls v. Bonta, No. 2:24-cv-02527 (E.D. Cal. Aug. 20, 2025) (final judgment and permanent injunction; appeal noticed Sept. 19, 2025) |
| Private right of action | Yes, individuals can sue |
| Penalties | Injunctive or other equitable relief only (no statutory damages) — not currently enforceable |
| Topics | deepfakes · election deepfakes |
| Court record | Kohls v. Bonta, No. 2:24-cv-02527 (E.D. Cal.), ECF 98 — Order and Final Judgment and Permanent Injunction as to AB 2655 (Aug. 20, 2025) |
More AI rules in CA
- CA AB 2148 no-AI school employees (2026) · Enacted (not yet in effect)
- CA AG Bonta · In effect
- CA Bar GenAI Guidance · In effect
- CA CPPA ADMT Regs · In effect
- CPPA Honda ADMT settlement · In effect
- CA AB 1008 (CCPA + AI) · In effect
Related deepfakes rules elsewhere
- Arkansas Frank Broyles Act AI amendment — voice and likeness protection (2025) · In effect
- Doe v. X.AI (Grok NCII deepfakes class action) · Blocked / in litigation
- xAI v. Harwood (Grok NCII Counter-Suit 2026) · Blocked / in litigation
- Arizona HB 2133 deepfake sexual content — vetoed 2026 · Vetoed
- Arizona HB 2678 — AI-generated CSAM criminalized · In effect
- MN HF 1606 AI Nudification Ban (2026) · In effect
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