Deepfake laws by state
AI Laws USA tracks 148 U.S. AI rules on deepfakes across federal, state, county, and city government. Each entry links to its official source.
Federal deepfakes rules (23)
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In effect
TAKE IT DOWN Act
United States · Effective May 19, 2025 · Pub. L. No. 119-12 (S. 146)
Makes it a federal crime to knowingly publish intimate images of someone without consent, including AI-generated deepfakes. Social media and similar platforms must give victims a way to request removal and must take the content (and known copies) down within 48 hours. The platform removal requirement became enforceable May 19, 2026, and the FTC has already begun enforcement.
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In effect
FTC Impersonation Rule (AI)
United States · Effective April 1, 2024 · 16 C.F.R. Part 461; 89 Fed. Reg. 15017
The FTC's Impersonation Rule lets the agency directly sue scammers who pretend to be a government agency or a real business — including those who use AI-cloned voices or generated images to do so. Civil penalties can reach $53,088 per violation. The FTC also issued a supplemental notice in February 2024 proposing to extend the rule to all individual impersonation.
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In effect
TCPA (AI voice calls)
United States · Effective February 8, 2024 · 47 U.S.C. § 227; FCC 24-17
Robocalls using AI-cloned or AI-generated voices are treated like other 'artificial voice' calls: callers need your prior express consent, must identify themselves, and must offer opt-outs for telemarketing. You can personally sue violators for $500 to $1,500 per illegal call.
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In effect
FinCEN deepfake-fraud BSA alert
United States · Effective November 13, 2024 · FinCEN Alert FIN-2024-Alert004 (Nov. 13, 2024)
FinCEN issued an alert telling banks and other financial institutions how to spot — and report — fraud schemes that use generative-AI deepfakes to defeat identity verification. Suspicious activity reports must use the SAR keyword 'FIN-2024-DEEPFAKEFRAUD' so FinCEN can track the trend in synthetic identity and account-takeover fraud.
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In effect
DOJ AI-fraud sentencing guidance
United States · Effective September 23, 2024 · DOJ Criminal Division ECCP (Sept. 23, 2024); Deputy AG Lisa Monaco, ABA White Collar Conf. (Mar. 5, 2024)
The Justice Department updated its corporate compliance guidance in September 2024 to require companies to assess and mitigate AI-related risks, and Deputy AG Lisa Monaco announced in March 2024 that DOJ will seek stiffer sentences when AI is used to commit fraud — treating AI as an aggravating factor.
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In effect
FCC Lingo Telecom Biden deepfake fine
United States · Effective August 21, 2024 · FCC Consent Decree, DA 24-823 (Aug. 21, 2024)
The FCC fined voice provider Lingo Telecom $1 million for carrying AI-generated robocalls that used a cloned voice of President Biden to suppress votes in the January 2024 New Hampshire primary. It was the first FCC enforcement action against a carrier for transmitting AI deepfake robocalls.
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Blocked / in litigation
Lehrman v. Lovo
S.D.N.Y. · Effective May 16, 2024 · Lehrman v. Lovo, Inc., No. 1:24-cv-03770 (S.D.N.Y.)
Voice actors Paul Lehrman and Linnea Sage sued AI voice-cloning startup Lovo, alleging Lovo cloned their voices through deceptive Fiverr commissions and resold the clones without consent. The case is the highest-profile U.S. voice-cloning right-of-publicity action and was certified in part in 2025.
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Blocked / in litigation
xAI v. Harwood (Grok NCII Counter-Suit 2026)
United States · Effective July 14, 2026 · xAI Corp. v. Terry Harwood, N.D. Tex. (Dallas Div.), filed July 14, 2026
xAI Corp. (the company behind the Grok AI chatbot, formerly operating as 'X.AI') filed a civil lawsuit on July 14, 2026 in the Northern District of Texas against Terry Harwood, a South Carolina man. The lawsuit alleges Harwood opened two Grok accounts between December 8, 2025 and February 18, 2026, uploading non-sexual photos of adults and minors and manipulating Grok into generating sexually explicit deepfake images — bypassing the system's safety guardrails. xAI seeks unspecified monetary damages and a permanent ban on Harwood from all xAI products. Harwood was separately arrested on February 26, 2026 on criminal charges of sexual exploitation of a minor. The case is notable as one of the first civil lawsuits filed by an AI company against a user for misusing the AI system to generate harmful content, rather than the more common pattern of a victim suing the AI company. xAI disclosed it suspended 52,222 accounts and filed 73,604 NCMEC reports related to Grok deepfake abuse in 2026, leading to at least 244 arrests.
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In effect
FBI 2024 Elder Fraud Report
United States · Effective April 29, 2025 · FBI IC3 2024 Elder Fraud Report (Apr. 29, 2025)
The FBI's annual Elder Fraud Report — published April 2025 for calendar year 2024 — documented $4.885 billion in losses by Americans 60+, with AI voice cloning, AI-driven romance and pig-butchering scams, and tech-support fraud identified as fastest-growing vectors. The report is the principal federal basis for AI elder-fraud policy and enforcement priorities.
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In effect
FBI IC3 AI fraud PSA
United States · Effective December 3, 2024 · FBI IC3 PSA I-120324-PSA (Dec. 3, 2024)
The FBI's Internet Crime Complaint Center warned that criminals are using generative AI for phishing, impersonation, romance scams, investment fraud, and synthetic identity creation — and gave concrete defenses, like asking a 'secret word' on suspicious family calls. The PSA underpins FBI investigative priority and informs federal AI-fraud charging decisions.
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Blocked / in litigation
Young v. NeoCortext (Reface)
C.D. Cal. · Effective April 3, 2023 · Young v. NeoCortext, Inc., No. 2:23-cv-02496 (C.D. Cal.); 9th Cir. Dec. 2024
Reality TV personality Kyland Young sued NeoCortext (developer of the Reface face-swap app) under California's right-of-publicity statute, alleging Reface used his image in its in-app catalog without consent. In 2024 the Ninth Circuit affirmed denial of NeoCortext's anti-SLAPP motion, allowing the case to proceed.
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Proposed / pending
FCC AI robocall disclosure NPRM
United States · FCC 24-84, NPRM, CG Docket 23-362 (Aug. 8, 2024)
The FCC's August 2024 proposed rule would require callers using AI-generated voices or AI-written texts to disclose that fact at the start of the call or in the text, and would let consumers refuse AI calls even when prerecorded consent was given. The proposal is pending as of June 2026 — track its status before relying on it.
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Proposed / pending
DEFIANCE Act (deepfake-porn civil suits)
United States · S. 1837, 119th Cong. (DEFIANCE Act)
This bill would let victims of sexually explicit AI deepfakes sue the people who create or share them, with damages starting around $150,000. The Senate passed it unanimously on January 13, 2026 — the second time it has done so — but as of June 2026 it is still awaiting action in the House and is not yet law.
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Proposed / pending
Preventing Deep Fake Scams Act (House)
United States · H.R.1734, 119th Congress (2025–2026)
Would create a federal Task Force on Artificial Intelligence in the Financial Services Sector, chaired by the Treasury Secretary and including the Federal Reserve, OCC, FDIC, CFPB, NCUA and FinCEN, to study how AI, including deepfakes and voice cloning, is used to commit fraud against financial accounts and to report findings and recommendations to Congress within one year of enactment. It is a study bill: it creates no new penalties or right to sue.
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Proposed / pending
Preventing Deep Fake Scams Act (Senate)
United States · S.2117, 119th Congress (2025–2026)
Senate companion to H.R.1734; establishes the Task Force on Artificial Intelligence in the Financial Services Sector to study AI-enabled financial scams — including deepfakes and voice-cloning grandparent scams — and to produce congressional recommendations within one year. FBI data cited by sponsors shows 201,266 complaints from Americans 60+ in 2025 with $7.748 billion in losses. Seniors are not specifically enumerated in the bill text but are the primary demographic motivating the legislation.
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Proposed / pending
NO FAKES Act of 2025
United States · S.1367, 119th Congress (2025–2026)
Creates the first federal individual right against unauthorized AI-generated digital replicas of a person's image, likeness, or voice. Provides a right to subpoena online platforms for data about unauthorized deepfakes and establishes a DMCA-style notice-and-takedown procedure. Seniors and others whose voices are cloned without consent for use in grandparent or impersonation scams would have a direct cause of action against the parties responsible.
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Proposed / pending
AI Scam Prevention Act
United States · S.3495, 119th Congress (2025–2026)
Prohibits using artificial intelligence to impersonate any person — family member, government official, or business — with intent to defraud. Codifies and expands the FTC's existing rule against impersonating government or business officials and updates definitions to include text messages, video conference calls, and AI-generated or prerecorded voice. Sen. Klobuchar's press release explicitly cited grandparent scams where criminals clone a grandchild's voice to defraud elderly relatives as a primary motivation.
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Proposed / pending
AI Fraud Accountability Act
United States · S.3982, 119th Congress (2025–2026)
Amends the Communications Act of 1934 to create a new criminal offense for using a realistic digital impersonation in interstate or foreign communications with intent to defraud a person of money or things of value. Establishes extraterritorial jurisdiction — critical because many AI scam operations targeting American seniors originate overseas. Empowers the FTC with civil enforcement authority and directs NIST to develop best practices. Explicitly endorsed by AARP and the 60 Plus Association because of the devastating toll on seniors.
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Proposed / pending
AI Fraud Accountability Act (House)
United States · H.R.7786, 119th Congress (2025–2026)
House companion to S.3982; criminalizes the use of realistic digital impersonation tools in interstate or foreign communications with fraudulent intent. Includes extraterritorial jurisdiction to reach foreign-based AI scam operations that frequently target American seniors. Buchanan's press release explicitly stated that the bill responds to 'a disturbing rise in AI-generated voice clones' used to defraud families including older adults.
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Proposed / pending
AI Fraud Deterrence Act
United States · H.R.6306, 119th Congress (2025–2026)
Would raise the maximum penalties for federal mail fraud, wire fraud, bank fraud and money laundering when AI tools are used to commit them - fines of $1 million to $2 million and prison terms of 20 to 30 years - and would make using AI to impersonate a federal official punishable by up to $1 million and 3 years. The bill's findings cite AI voice impersonation of White House Chief of Staff Susie Wiles and Secretary of State Marco Rubio. Rep. Lieu's press release also highlighted scammers using AI voice cloning against seniors.
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Blocked / in litigation
Doe v. X.AI (Grok NCII deepfakes class action)
United States · Effective January 23, 2026 · Doe v. X.AI Corp., No. 5:26-cv-00772 (N.D. Cal., filed Jan. 23, 2026); amended complaint July 7, 2026
A class action filed January 23, 2026 in the Northern District of California (Case No. 5:26-cv-00772) alleges that X.AI's Grok AI model generated over three million sexualized deepfake images in an 11-day period, including images of minors. An amended complaint filed July 7, 2026 added Stability AI as a co-defendant and two new plaintiffs, including one who alleges approximately 7,000 child sexual abuse material (CSAM) images were generated of them. Claims include product liability, negligence, public nuisance, and privacy violations. A companion case (Doe 1 v. X.AI Corp., No. 5:26-cv-02246) was filed March 16, 2026. Note: X.AI Corp. has rebranded to SpaceXAI following its merger with SpaceX.
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Status unknown
Sky / Scarlett Johansson voice-likeness threat
(threatened — no filed case) · Effective May 20, 2024 · Public legal threat by Scarlett Johansson re: OpenAI 'Sky' voice (May 2024)
Scarlett Johansson publicly threatened legal action against OpenAI in May 2024 after the company released a 'Sky' voice for GPT-4o that closely resembled hers — after she had declined to license her voice. OpenAI withdrew the voice. No lawsuit was filed, but the episode became a touchstone for voice-likeness AI right-of-publicity policy debates and shaped the NO FAKES Act.
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Expired
Bot Disclosure Act (Feinstein, died)
United States · S. 3127, 115th Cong. (2018) — died in committee
Sen. Dianne Feinstein's June 2018 bill would have required social media platforms to mandate disclosure of automated bots and would have banned political campaigns from using bots in disguised political ads. The first federal bot-disclosure proposal — never received committee action but inspired CA SB 1001 (2018, enacted) and NJ Bot Disclosure Act (2019, enacted).
State deepfakes rules (125)
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Enacted (not yet in effect)
California SB 1111 (AI digital replicas covered by likeness law and impersonation crimes)
California · Effective January 1, 2027 · SB 1111 (Ashby), Stats. 2026, ch. 862; Cal. Civ. Code § 3344; Cal. Penal Code § 540
Makes clear that California's right-of-publicity law covers AI digital replicas: using a realistic AI copy of a living person's voice or likeness to advertise or sell something without consent is treated the same as using their real voice or image. It also makes using a digital replica to impersonate someone count as false impersonation under existing criminal laws.
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In effect
Maryland SB 8 (AI/deepfake impersonation)
Maryland · Effective October 1, 2026 · 2026 Md. Laws ch. 445 (SB 8)
This law makes it a crime to intentionally use artificial intelligence or a deepfake representation to impersonate, falsely depict, or claim to represent another person, or to create or distribute false records, with intent to cause harm, to induce someone to hand over personal identifying information, or to obtain a benefit, credit, good, service, or other thing of value. 'Deepfake representation' means synthetic media indistinguishable from an actual, identifiable human being, and a victim may bring a civil action.
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In effect
PR Ley 163-2026 / P. del S. 441 (Image Rights)
Puerto Rico · Effective August 3, 2026 · Ley 163-2026 (P. del S. 441, 19th Leg. Assembly); signed August 3, 2026
Puerto Rico Law 163-2026 (P. del S. 441) expands the island's right-of-image statute (Law 139-2011) to expressly cover AI-generated deepfakes and voice clones. Creates civil causes of action when someone's appearance, voice, gestures, movements, or other identifiable attributes are synthetically generated, cloned, simulated, or altered without consent. Signed by Governor Jenniffer González Colón on August 3, 2026.
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In effect
MN HF 1606 AI Nudification Ban (2026)
Minnesota · Effective August 1, 2026 · Minn. Sess. Law 2026, Ch. [pending publication]; HF 1606 (94th Leg., 2025-2026)
Minnesota enacted the first state law in the United States banning AI-powered 'nudification' technology — software that digitally strips clothing from images or videos of real people to create fake nude or sexualized images. Signed by Gov. Tim Walz on May 7, 2026, and effective August 1, 2026, the law makes it illegal for any website, application, software, or service to allow users to access, download, or use nudification tools, or to perform nudification on a user's behalf — even with the user's consent. Civil penalties are at least $500,000 per unlawful access, download, or use, enforced by the Attorney General under Minn. Stat. § 8.31. Injured persons can also sue for up to three times their actual damages, punitive damages, and injunctive relief. Elon Musk's xAI Corp. sued AG Keith Ellison on July 27, 2026 to block the law; a federal judge (Judge Donovan Frank) denied the preliminary injunction on July 31, 2026 and again on September 4, 2026.
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In effect
Illinois HB 3851 — deepfake cyberbullying in schools (2026)
Illinois · Effective July 1, 2026 · Ill. H.B. 3851, 104th Gen. Assemb. (eff. July 1, 2026) (amending the Ill. School Code)
Illinois has written AI deepfakes into the part of the School Code that governs bullying. Under House Bill 3851, signed in August 2025 and effective July 1, 2026, the statutory definition of 'cyber-bullying' now includes posting or distributing an unauthorized digital replica of a student by electronic means. A digital replica means an AI-generated or electronically altered representation of a person's voice, image or likeness; it is unauthorized when the depicted person did not consent. The law also makes explicit that bullying includes posting or distributing sexually explicit images. The practical effect is jurisdictional: school districts can now act on deepfake incidents under their bullying policies, rather than being left to argue about whether an AI-generated image of a student counts as bullying at all. The change applies from the 2026-2027 school year, and districts across Illinois had to update their policies and procedures to match. Alongside it, the Illinois State Board of Education was required to develop statewide guidance on artificial intelligence in schools by July 1, 2026, expected to cover AI-generated false representations of individuals. The problem is not hypothetical: a 2024 Center for Democracy & Technology survey found 40% of K-12 public school students knew of a deepfake involving someone at their school, and 15% knew of a sexually explicit deepfake depicting a member of their school community, while more than 60% of teachers said their school had not shared any policy on AI-generated sexual imagery.
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In effect
PR Ley 105-2026 (AI Elections)
Puerto Rico · Effective June 10, 2026 · Ley Núm. 105-2026 (P. del S. 101)
Puerto Rico's Law 105-2026 amends the Electoral Code to require clear disclosure on any political ad created or materially modified by AI — text, image, audio, or video. Signed by Governor Jenniffer González on June 10, 2026. First standalone AI law on the books in PR.
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In effect
Guam Bill 209-38 / AI Deepfake Election Regulation Act
Guam · Effective March 16, 2026 · Guam Artificial Intelligence Deepfake Election Regulation Act (Bill 209-38 (COR), 38th Guam Leg.); enacted before March 16, 2026; PL# not confirmed
Bill prohibiting creation or distribution of materially deceptive media produced by generative AI in connection with Guam elections. Allows clearly labeled AI-generated content. Opposed by Guam Homeland Security on First Amendment grounds.
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In effect
Montana HB 513 (property right in voice & likeness vs. deepfakes)
Montana · Effective January 1, 2026 · Mont. HB 513 (2025) (Ch. 685); codified in Title 30, ch. 14, MCA
Montana gives individuals a property right in their name, voice, and visual likeness. A person may be sued for damages if, without consent, they intentionally publish, perform, distribute, or make available to the public a digital voice or visual depiction of an individual for commercial use, knowing it is an unauthorized depiction of that person. The same liability applies to distributing tools whose primary purpose is producing such unauthorized digital depictions. The right lasts 20 years after death, with exceptions for news, commentary, and parody.
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In effect
New York S8391 (bans unauthorized AI digital replicas of deceased performers)
New York · Effective December 11, 2025 · N.Y. Civ. Rights Law § 50-f; L. 2025, ch. 616 (S8391/A8882)
This law makes it illegal to use a digital replica of a deceased performer in an audiovisual work, a sound recording, or a live performance of a musical work without consent from the appropriate rights holder. It applies when the user knows the replica is unauthorized. A deceased performer's estate or rights holder can sue, recovering the greater of $2,000 or their actual damages, plus any profits the violator made from the unauthorized use.
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In effect
Arizona HB 2678 — AI-generated CSAM criminalized
Arizona · Effective September 27, 2025 · Arizona HB 2678, 57th Leg., 1st R.S. (2025); amends A.R.S. §§ 13-3553 et seq. to criminalize AI-generated CSAM
Arizona House Bill 2678, passed in the 57th Legislature's 1st Regular Session and signed by Governor Katie Hobbs in approximately September 2025, criminalizes artificial intelligence-generated and computer-generated child sexual abuse material (CSAM) in Arizona. The law expands the existing definition of 'visual depiction' in Arizona's child exploitation statutes to explicitly include digitally generated, AI-generated, and computer-generated images, meaning such images are treated the same as real photographs of child sexual exploitation. It also updates the definition of 'minor' within child-exploitation statutes to be consistent with this expanded scope. Offenses involving victims under 15 years old are classified as 'dangerous crimes against children,' carrying enhanced mandatory sentencing under Arizona law. The Childhelp National Child Abuse Hotline endorsed the bill. The law's first known prosecution came in May 2026 when a Gilbert, Arizona man was charged with more than 20 counts of sexual exploitation of a minor for AI-generated images.
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In effect
New York Fashion Workers Act (models must consent to AI digital replicas)
New York · Effective June 19, 2025 · New York State Fashion Workers Act; L. 2024, ch. 683 (S9832)
Before a modeling agency or a client can create or use an AI digital replica of a model (such as a computer-generated version of their face, body, or voice), they must get the model's clear written consent, separate from the regular representation contract, that spells out the scope, purpose, pay, and how long the replica will be used.
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In effect
Utah S.B. 271 (no AI deepfakes of your identity for commercial use without consent)
Utah · Effective May 7, 2025 · Utah Laws 2025, S.B. 271; Utah Code 45-3-2 to 45-3-7
Utah broadened its abuse-of-personal-identity law to cover AI-generated and other artificial recreations of a person's identity. 'Personal identity' now includes a person's video likeness, voice, and audiovisual appearance, plus any simulation or artificial recreation made through generative AI, computer animation, or digital manipulation. It is unlawful to use someone's personal identity this way for commercial purposes without consent, and to knowingly distribute, sell, or license technology whose primary purpose is unauthorized identity-content creation. Exemptions cover news, art, and parody.
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In effect
IL Digital Voice/Likeness Act
IL · Effective January 1, 2025 · 765 ILCS 1075/; P.A. 103-1014
Illinois created a private right of action against anyone who distributes an unauthorized AI 'digital replica' of a person's voice or likeness, with damages up to $150,000 plus attorneys' fees. Aimed at AI voice-clone fraud, fake celebrity endorsements, and unauthorized digital replicas of performers.
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In effect
California AB 1836 (bans unauthorized AI digital replicas of dead performers)
California · Effective January 1, 2025 · Cal. Civ. Code § 3344.1 (AB 1836, Stats. 2024, ch. 258)
It is unlawful to produce, distribute, or make available a digital replica of a deceased celebrity's or performer's voice or likeness in a film, video, or sound recording without consent from whoever controls that person's rights (such as their estate). Anyone who does so is liable to the rights holder for the greater of $10,000 or the actual damages caused.
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In effect
California AB 2602 (vague AI voice/likeness contract clauses unenforceable)
California · Effective January 1, 2025 · Cal. Civ. Code 1745.5 (AB 2602, Stats. 2024)
This law protects performers and others from signing away the rights to an AI-generated digital replica of their voice or likeness without understanding what they are agreeing to. If a contract lets someone create or use a digital replica of you for a new performance, that clause cannot be enforced when it fails to reasonably describe how the replica will be used and you did not have a lawyer or union representing you when you signed.
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In effect
New York S7676B (voids vague AI voice/likeness contract clauses)
New York · Effective January 1, 2025 · N.Y. Gen. Oblig. Law 5-302; L. 2024, ch. 569 (S7676B)
A contract clause that lets a company create or use an AI digital replica of a person's voice or likeness is unenforceable if it does not reasonably specifically describe how the replica will be used, unless the person had a lawyer or a union representing them when they signed. It is aimed at protecting performers from signing away their digital likeness in broad, vague terms.
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In effect
NY AI digital replica law
NY · Effective August 13, 2024 · N.Y. Civil Rights Law §§ 50-f, 50-g; Ch. 219 and 220 of 2024
New York governor signed laws making vague AI digital-replica clauses in personal-services contracts unenforceable and reinforcing the state's right-of-publicity protections for AI-generated voice and likeness fraud. Builds on NY's existing Civil Rights Law §§ 50-f and 50-g.
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In effect
ELVIS Act
Tennessee · Effective July 1, 2024 · Tenn. Code Ann. §§ 47-25-1101 to -1108 (ELVIS Act, 2024)
The first US law protecting voices from AI cloning: Tennessee added 'voice' to its right-of-publicity law, so using AI to mimic someone's voice or likeness without permission is both a civil violation and a crime. It also allows lawsuits against those who distribute tools whose primary purpose is producing unauthorized voice or likeness replicas.
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In effect
NY S5959-D (2020, digital replicas + deepfake porn)
NY · Effective May 29, 2021 · Ch. 304 of 2020 (S5959-D); N.Y. Civ. Rights Law §§ 50-f, 52-c
Signed by Governor Cuomo on November 30, 2020, NY S5959-D was the first state law to (1) extend right of publicity to digital replicas of deceased personalities for 40 years, and (2) create a private right of action against unlawful publication of sexually explicit deepfakes. Landmark precedent — direct ancestor of CA AB 1836 (2024) and NY's 2023-2025 digital-replica laws.
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Enacted (not yet in effect)
HB 1170 (WA AI Content Disclosure)
Washington · Effective February 1, 2027 · Wash. E2SHB 1170 (2026); Ch. 167, 2026 Laws
Large AI image, video, and audio generators must embed hard-to-remove provenance data — watermarks or tamper-resistant metadata — in the synthetic content they create, where commercially and technically reasonable. This lets journalists, courts, and the public identify AI-generated media. Applies to generative AI services with over 1 million monthly users that are available to Washington consumers. Enforced only by the Washington Attorney General under the Consumer Protection Act. Effective February 1, 2027.
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In effect
CT SB 5 (2026 AI Act)
Connecticut · Effective October 1, 2026 · Conn. Public Act 26-15 (SB 5, 2026)
After years of failed attempts, Connecticut enacted a comprehensive AI law in 2026 (Public Act 26-15, signed May 27, 2026). Starting October 1, 2026, employers filing federal layoff (WARN) notices must tell the state whether the layoffs relate to AI, and state anti-discrimination law makes clear that using automated hiring or employment-decision technology is no defense to a discrimination complaint. Strict AI companion-chatbot rules, especially for children, start January 1, 2027. Duties on developers and employers that use automated employment-decision technology apply to tools deployed on or after October 1, 2027.
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In effect
SB 942 (AI Transparency Act)
California · Effective August 2, 2026 · Cal. Bus. & Prof. Code § 22757 et seq. (SB 942, as amended by AB 853)
Large generative AI providers (over 1 million monthly users) must offer a free AI-detection tool and embed disclosures in AI-generated images, video, and audio, including hidden watermark-style disclosures. A 2025 amendment (AB 853) delayed the start to August 2, 2026 and extended duties to large online platforms (from January 1, 2027) and camera and other capture-device makers (from January 1, 2028).
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In effect
KS Synthetic CSAM Law
Kansas · Effective July 1, 2026 · KS HB 2183, 2025-26 Reg. Sess., approved by Governor Feb. 5, 2026, eff. July 1, 2026
Kansas updated its child sexual exploitation and privacy statutes to prohibit creation and distribution of visual depictions where the person depicted is indistinguishable from a real child, including AI-generated and morphed imagery. The law also addresses unlawful transmission of such visual depictions and breach of privacy. Signed by the governor February 5, 2026; took effect July 1, 2026 as part of the 124-law Kansas effective date batch.
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In effect
Wyo. Stat. 6-4-308 (felony to build/distribute AI systems made to create child porn)
Wyoming · Effective July 1, 2026 · Wyo. Stat. Ann. 6-4-308; see also 6-4-303(b); 2026 Wyo. Sess. Laws (HB0102 / HEA 32)
This new Wyoming crime targets AI systems built specifically to generate child sexual abuse material. It is a felony to knowingly develop or distribute an AI system designed to create, distribute, or promote child pornography or synthetic sexual material, when done with intent or knowledge that others will use it that way. General-purpose tools that produce such content only from user prompts, and bona fide educational, library, law enforcement, and platform activity, are exempted. A companion amendment to 6-4-303 also makes using AI to generate child pornography, or possessing AI-generated child pornography, a felony.
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In effect
SSB 5886 (WA Digital Likeness Rights)
Washington · Effective June 11, 2026 · Wash. SSB 5886, Ch. 69, 2026 Laws; RCW ch. 63.60 (amending personality rights statute)
Washington updated its personality-rights law so that AI-generated audio or video that realistically mimics someone's face or voice without consent — called a 'forged digital likeness' — is now a civil violation. Victims can seek court injunctions to stop the misuse, and the civil penalty for each infringement is $3,000 plus any actual damages they can prove. The law became effective June 11, 2026.
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In effect
New York S8420A (ads must disclose AI 'synthetic performers')
New York · Effective June 9, 2026 · N.Y. Gen. Bus. Law 396-b (S8420A, 2025)
When a business creates an advertisement for property or services for a commercial purpose, this law requires it to clearly disclose if the ad uses a 'synthetic performer' — a digitally created asset (made with generative AI or a software algorithm) meant to look like an audiovisual or visual performance by a human, where the figure is not recognizable as any identifiable real person. Penalties are $1,000 for a first violation and $5,000 for each subsequent violation.
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In effect
Maryland SB 141 (election deepfakes)
Maryland · Effective June 1, 2026 · 2026 Md. Laws ch. 444 (SB 141)
This law makes it a crime to knowingly or with reckless disregard create, use, or disseminate a deepfake to produce materially false information in the election context. It also directs the State Administrator of Elections to publicly issue correct information when there is a credible report of election misinformation, and lets the State Board of Elections file a civil action. The prohibition does not apply to satire or parody or to bona fide news broadcasting.
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In effect
Utah SB 256 (AI is no defense to defamation; notice-and-removal)
Utah · Effective May 6, 2026 · Utah Code 45-2-3.5, 45-2-14; amends 45-3-2 through 45-3-7 (S.B. 256, 2026 Gen. Sess.)
Utah's defamation law now expressly states it is not a defense to a libel or slander claim that the content was made with generative AI, computer animation, digital manipulation, or simulated/recreated content. Before suing over digitally created content, the person must send the publisher written notice; if the publisher removes it within 10 days, the plaintiff can recover only actual damages.
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In effect
Vermont Election Deepfake Law
Vermont · Effective March 5, 2026 · 2026 VT Acts No. 75 (S.23)
Deceptive AI-generated images, audio, or video about Vermont candidates distributed within 90 days of an election must carry a clear disclosure: on video for the full duration, in audio at the beginning, end, and at least every two minutes. Fines run up to $1,000, rising to as much as $15,000 for repeat violations meant to cause violence or harm, and the candidate depicted can go to court to stop distribution.
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In effect
NV AI Election Ad Disclosure
Nevada · Effective January 1, 2026 · 2025 Nev. Laws Ch. 224 (AB 73); NRS ch. 294A
Nevada political ads containing AI-generated or digitally manipulated images, audio, or video must disclose it clearly, effective January 1, 2026. Wrongly depicted candidates can seek legal relief; satire and entertainment content is exempt.
- 95 more
- OK AI Revenge Porn Law · Oklahoma · In effect
- NV NCII Deepfake Law · Nevada · In effect
- Montana HB 514 (sextortion deepfakes in privacy crime) · Montana · In effect
- Ohio AI Fabricated Sexual Images Law · Ohio · In effect
- ME AI Private Images Law · Maine · In effect
- PA Digital Forgery Law · Pennsylvania · In effect
- TX SB 1621 — AI CSAM Rewrite · Texas · In effect
- TX SB 2373 (AI Media / Phishing Financial Abuse) · Texas · In effect
- Texas SB 441 (deepfake NCII crime + website/AI-app/payment-processor liability) · Texas · In effect
- Michigan Intimate Deep Fakes Act · Michigan · In effect
- Arkansas Frank Broyles Act AI amendment — voice and likeness protection (2025) · Arkansas · In effect
- ND Sexually Explicit Deepfake Law · North Dakota · In effect
- ND HB 1167 (political ads using AI to impersonate must say so) · North Dakota · In effect
- RI Synthetic Intimate Imagery Law · Rhode Island · In effect
- Rhode Island 17-30 (ban on undisclosed election deepfakes near an election) · Rhode Island · In effect
- SD Election Deepfake Law · South Dakota · In effect
- MD NCII Deepfake Law · Maryland · In effect
- NE Synthetic NCII Civil Remedy · Nebraska · In effect
- SC AI CSAM / Deepfake Laws · South Carolina · In effect
- Montana SB 413 (crime to share explicit deepfakes) · Montana · In effect
- Arkansas AI CSAM Law · Arkansas · In effect
- DC AG Schwalb senior AI-fraud unit · DC · In effect
- Arkansas Deepfake Sexual Content Act · Arkansas · In effect
- NJ Deceptive AI Deepfakes Act · New Jersey · In effect
- Kentucky SB 4 (AI Governance) · Kentucky · In effect
- CA AG Bonta AI legal advisory · CA · In effect
- CA AB 2655 (struck down) · CA · Blocked / in litigation
- NH Deepfake Law (HB 1432) · New Hampshire · In effect
- California AB 2355 (AI-generated political ads must disclose the AI use) · California · In effect
- PA Deepfake/CSAM Law (Act 125) · Pennsylvania · In effect
- NY AG · NY · In effect
- NY AG James AI scam consumer alert · NY · In effect
- Delaware Election Deepfake Law · Delaware · In effect
- Delaware Deepfake Intimate-Images Act · Delaware · In effect
- Alabama Synthetic Private Images Law · Alabama · In effect
- Alabama Election Deepfake Law · Alabama · In effect
- MA Digitized Intimate-Images Law (deepfake NCII) · Massachusetts · In effect
- CA AB 2839 (enjoined) · CA · Blocked / in litigation
- MI AG AI scam alert · MI · In effect
- NH Election Deepfake Law · New Hampshire · In effect
- Louisiana AI Intimate-Image Law (R.S. 14:73.14) · Louisiana · In effect
- Iowa Synthetic Intimate Content Law · Iowa · In effect
- Iowa AI CSAM Law · Iowa · In effect
- MS Deepfake Law · Mississippi · In effect
- ID Synthetic NCII Law · Idaho · In effect
- WY NCII Deepfake Law · Wyoming · In effect
- Vermont NCII Deepfake Law · Vermont · In effect
- IN NCII Deepfake Law · Indiana · In effect
- CO Candidate Deepfake Disclosure Law · Colorado · In effect
- HB 919 (AI Political Ad Disclaimers) · Florida · In effect
- Washington HB 1999 (criminalizes AI/fabricated CSAM and nonconsensual fake intimate images) · Washington · In effect
- AZ Election Deepfake Disclosure Law · Arizona · In effect
- AZ Digital Impersonation Law · Arizona · In effect
- New Mexico Political Deepfake Law · New Mexico · In effect
- Utah S.B. 131 (AI-generated political ads must say 'generated by AI') · Utah · In effect
- New York AIDPA (AI deepfake political media must be disclosed) · New York · In effect
- New York AIDPA (privacy right covers AI-made likeness & voice) · New York · In effect
- WI AI CSAM Law · Wisconsin · In effect
- Oregon SB 1571 (campaign ads must disclose AI/synthetic media) · Oregon · In effect
- ID FAIR Elections Act · Idaho · In effect
- WI AI Election Disclosure Law · Wisconsin · In effect
- MI SOS Deepfake Election Policy · MI · In effect
- Michigan Election Deepfake Law · Michigan · In effect
- SD AI CSAM Law · South Dakota · In effect
- Michigan HB 5141 (AI political-ad disclaimer) · Michigan · In effect
- New York S1042A (bans sharing deepfake intimate images) · New York · In effect
- TX HB 2700 — AI/Altered CSAM · Texas · In effect
- TX SB 1361 — Deepfake Intimate Video · Texas · In effect
- MN Deepfake Law · Minnesota · In effect
- LA Unlawful Deepfakes Law · Louisiana · In effect
- SB 5152 (Election Synthetic Media) · Washington · In effect
- GA Synthetic NCII Transmission Law · Georgia · In effect
- HI SB 309 (deepfake intimate-image crime) · Hawaii · In effect
- AB 602 (Deepfake Intimate Images) · California · In effect
- TX SB 751 (2019, first state election deepfake law) · TX · In effect
- Virginia HB 2678 (deepfake nude/explicit images become a crime) · Virginia · In effect
- Arizona HB 2133 deepfake sexual content — vetoed 2026 · Arizona · Vetoed
- Montana SB 25 election deepfakes — preliminarily enjoined as to plaintiff (2026) · Montana · In effect
- Hawaii Election Deepfake Law (blocked) · Hawaii · Blocked / in litigation
- WV Fabricated Intimate Images Law · West Virginia · In effect
- Missouri Deepfake & Digital Media Protection Act · Missouri · Proposed / pending
- New York Deepfake Harassment and NCII Civil Action Act · New York · Proposed / pending
- New York Deepfake Harassment and NCII Civil Action Act (Assembly) · New York · Proposed / pending
- North Carolina AI Regulatory Reform Act (Deepfake/NCII Provisions) · North Carolina · Proposed / pending
- PR P. de la C. 877 (Deepfake Attacks) · Puerto Rico · Proposed / pending
- Guam Bill 171-38 (NCII / Deepfakes) · Guam · Proposed / pending
- PR P. del S. 760 (AI Deepfake NCII) · Puerto Rico · Proposed / pending
- xAI v. Ellison (MN nudification ban challenge) · Minnesota · Blocked / in litigation
- CA AB 730 (2019, expired) · CA · Expired
- AK SB 177 — AI deepfakes / cybersecurity / data privacy (dead, 2024) · Alaska · Expired
- AK HB 358 — deepfake defamation / electioneering (dead, 2024) · Alaska · Expired
- CT SB 2 (died) · CT · Expired
- CA AB 3211 (died) · CA · Expired
- Missouri Taylor Swift Act (SB 1117) · Missouri · Expired
- Alaska AI-CSAM and Deepfake Criminalization Act · Alaska · Expired