New York LOADinG Act (oversight of state-agency automated decisions)
New York Legislative Oversight of Automated Decision-making in Government (LOADinG) Act (S7543B)
New York · N.Y. State Technology Law art. 4 (LOADinG Act); L. 2024, ch. 674 (S7543B), as amended by L. 2025, ch. 96 (A433)
- Status
- In effect
- Took effect
- December 21, 2024
- Applies to
- New York State agencies that use or procure automated decision-making systems.
- Enforced by
- Governor and State Legislature (oversight via mandated reporting); agencies implement compliance.
New York's LOADinG Act, signed in December 2024, originally required state agencies to run and publish impact assessments on automated decision-making tools and to keep meaningful human review for tools affecting benefits or rights. Before those rules took effect, a February 2025 chapter amendment (A433, Chapter 96 of 2025) repealed the impact-assessment and human-review requirements. As amended, agencies must publicly list the automated tools they use in employment decisions, the state IT office must keep a public inventory of state-agency AI systems, and AI may not be used to lay off or displace state workers or undercut their union contracts.
Who is protected: New York residents subject to state-agency decisions (especially public-benefit recipients and those whose rights, safety, or welfare are affected) and state-agency employees.
Legal detail
Chapter 674 of the Laws of 2024 (S7543-B/A9430-B, signed Dec. 21, 2024) enacted the LOADinG Act as State Technology Law article 4: § 401 definitions; § 402 barred agency use of automated decision-making systems in public benefits or decisions affecting rights unless subject to continued meaningful human review; § 403 required pre-deployment and at-least-biennial impact assessments (accuracy, fairness, bias, cybersecurity, privacy); § 404 required submission to the Governor and Legislature and publication; bill section 3 required disclosure of existing systems. Article 4 was to take effect one year after enactment. Chapter 96 of the Laws of 2025 (A433/S822, signed Feb. 14, 2025) repealed bill sections 1 and 3 and §§ 403-404, retitled article 4 'Automated Employment Decision-Making in State Government', and rewrote §§ 401-402 to require agencies to publish (annually) lists of automated employment decision-making tools; it added § 103-e (ITS statewide AI inventory posted annually) and Civil Service Law § 80(10) (AI may not affect CBA rights or cause discharge, displacement or loss of position; expires July 1, 2028), effective July 1, 2025.
Key facts
| Jurisdiction | New York |
|---|---|
| Level | State |
| Strength | Moderate |
| Enacted | December 21, 2024 |
| Citation | N.Y. State Technology Law art. 4 (LOADinG Act); L. 2024, ch. 674 (S7543B), as amended by L. 2025, ch. 96 (A433) |
| Private right of action | No, agency enforcement only |
| Topics | government use of AI · automated decision-making |
| Bill text | NY State Senate Bill 2023-S7543B |
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